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Russian verb prefix semantics of word formation

Keywords: morphological, functional semantics, affix the prefix of is an important means of word formation in Russian, with the help of this tool can form the same root word in different parts of speech. Method in the affixes, the prefix of the word because of its composition and the special role played by derivatives, in particular, the semantics of the verb and the prefix of the very complicated structure, the verb has a prefix of word formation in Morphology plays a very important and special status. This paper based on the characteristics of the Russian verb prefixes, from the semantic point of the study to the verb prefix in Russian word formation in some of the problems of universal significance for the discussion. 1. The relationship between morphology and body prefix verbs and verbs of the relationship between the body, or that the question whether it is physical science affixes areas, not only is a complex and unsettled issue, but also many studies those who deliberately avoid a problem. Prefix verb is in the traditional description of the two relatively independent linguistic form fields: the prefix science research on the one hand part of the body, on the other hand is an integral part of Morphology (at least in Russian Studies is the case). However, physical science and Morphology each have a completely different perspective and scope of the research: whether the prefix is the total area of this research study the position and program to establish, or specific research tasks, subjects and methods described are completely different. Body of research is the prefix of the first concerns the relationship between the body and complete, behavior semantics, the verb formed from the prefix body duality, and the corresponding bodies of the so-called plain meaning of the prefix, etc.; and Morphology of interest is prefix in the form of features, derived phenomenon, as well as verbs and derived verbs yields up the relationship between the morphological types of the same prefix and the relationship between them. Although the body of learning and Morphology of the views and interests are such a big difference, but the focus of the study of modern prefix precisely in these two areas in the intersection of these issues. So that the interaction between two different areas of research and coordination, is the traditional tasks of the study of prefixes. However, in practical studies, for the prefix science, physical science and even in the Morphology and many of the issues, what specific issues such as which subjects should be included in the scope of study, scholars are still argued for their own, the wise see wisdom . Precisely, in the current Russian Affixes word formation, the coexistence of many different affixes theory and research, some new ideas and new methods to prove its scientific rationality, and widely recognized by academia , are still to. 2. Prefix verb meaning and the semantic overlap zero zero on the meaning of the verb prefix formulation has been in existence for nearly a century. In this long period, there has always been the problem of different views around the 'how to understand and explain the The role of language and status of the system 'and other issues has been controversial. Until the twentieth century, the fifties and sixties, to begin a more practical, well-founded research. First, the Czech linguist insights presented, confirmed the structural interpretation from the prefix and the verb meaning when combined produce the possibility of zero, with a new structure model, replaces the prefix is defined as meaning the number of vacancies pure physical significance of the traditional model. In this new model, meaning zero prefix and the verb is interpreted as the interaction rules. This rule explains exactly match the prefix in selected features. Most of the West in Russian studies who have accepted this theory point of view, but Russia Russian linguists and scientists of the views of this view is not the same. From the semantic point of view of the study, any prefix has its own meaning, and can not be zero. In fact, the existence of the so-called meaning of zero means that the prefix meaning of a verb meaning and significance of some basic semantic identities coincide completely, showing a zero effect. For example, the prefix ПРО-time limit and that the process of semantics with the verb АНАЛИЗИРОВАТЬ, ЦИТИРОВАТЬ combination, constitute ПРОАНАЛИЗИРОВАТЬ, ПРОЦИТИ-РОВАТЬ; or prefix С-and that with the creation of semantic verb ДЕЛАТЬ, СТРЯПАТЬ combination, constitute СДЕЛАТЬ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], СОСТРЯПАТЬ time , verbs, and the ultimate meaning of the prefix that exactly the same time, the prefix for the formal semantics of the performance of meaningless, or that the only significance of a purely physical. This phenomenon is the basis of the prefix verb semantics and correspond exactly to the semantic, or semantic overlap. In this case, both the prefix, or the basis of the semantic expressed by the word true value is the same. Study proved semantic word formation, similar to the semantic overlap is only present in the individual or in a number of examples, but without all the verbs with the prefix of the test body duality. For example, the prefix ПРО-in combination with certain verbs will be the specific semantics, and did not overlap with the semantics of the verb, but added, such as the quantity and quality of the semantics: ПРОЛИТЬ (spilled, overflow), ПРОВЕРТЕТЬ (drill, drilled), ПРОКУРИТЬСЯ (smoke a lot, smokes bad the body), ПРОКРИЧАТЬ (cry, cry cry) and so on. From this, not all prefix verbs may occur with the basic semantic overlap, can show the semantic 'gap'. Even with a prefix, when the basis of verbs with different combinations, there will be a different situation. Vocabulary and discourse in the material, based on the number of prefix verbs with various duration analysis of the system also proved this point. Sum up, as the linguistic term, 3. Prefix morphology of the verb with the semantic prefix verbs in Russian is the language continuum is an important component. Russian verb prefixes of the verb is derived from the energy system, a large, highly functional means of a derivative, the prefix is a semantic ambiguity of complex morphological unit. Prefix makes them the potential of this vocabulary can pass a variety of semantics, and to ensure that changes in the semantic content of affixes. The meaning of the prefix in the aggregates that constitute the semantic structure. Different prefixes have different semantic structure, and thus, they posed with their combined meaning of the verb with a prefix of the impact of changes are also different. Prefix verbs semantic structure of various forms of variant is the prefix meaning of the specific space general meaning of the verb form with a special 'product'. Prefix variants of the morphology and semantics of the verb is a lexical variant of the prefix of the verb morphology of the material basis. These semantic components result of the interaction within the framework of the system in the formation of morphological different types of word formation system. In this case, the meaning of the prefix has become a specific type of derived verb meaning to form the basis of word formation, such as physical significance, Phase change meaning, meaning the number, quality and significance. Prefix verbs in combination with the basic verb form to complete while the body often will place different types of semantic verb escape: escape simile, metaphor and so escaped. Semantics of different escaped form of the production is a prefix meaning and structure of various classes, types and groups, the original verb group interaction. The semantic features of each of the different verb prefix, rather than the behavior of the verb form in different ways. Therefore, the prefix in the description of the process of semantic change, the concept of dynamic mode can be used to understand the links between the different meaning of the prefix, to ascertain the meaning of meaning in another sense one developed on the basis of the specific ways; to establish the kinds of word formation interdependence between the meaning of the classification system, revealed the morphological structure of semantics in language and its use in the universal law. Escape mechanism in the simile, the prefix 'behavior', meaning play an important role. And the traditional areas of the body is different behavior on the concept of prefix is prefixed to the verb with the functional significance called 'behavior', in order to clarify that what an act carried out, completed, and the existence of the act way. For example, the verb ВЕРНУТЬ add different prefixes, the meaning changes occurred in the escape: ВЫВЕРНУТЬ - rotating the screw down, unload; НАВЕРНУТЬ - was placed on the wound - to wear, put on; ПРОВЕРНУТЬ - to go spinning through the , screw the past. Research from the semantic point of view, because Qianzhui semantic role, which the verb with a prefix, in fact, included in the semantic actions are two concepts: 'behavior means' and' behavior result '-'''twist spinning down '. In the Russian dictionary, usually used to mark adverbial 'behavior' of the semantics, such as: ВЫВЕРНУТЬ - ВЕРТЯ, СНЯТЬ ЧТО С ЧЕГО; НАВЕРНУТЬ - ВЕРТЯ, ПОМЕСТИТЬ, НАДЕТЬ ЧТО НА ЧТО; ПРОВЕРНУТЬ - ВЕРТЯ, ПРОПУСТИТЬ СКВОЗЬ ЧТО -Л and so on. In this escape, the new meaning construction in the prefix? Sodium vinyl sack kitchen kitchen Mi Na Huang Sui Construction and Maintenance account whetstone arrested over cricket-shaped Farm School Yu turbulent Yasuo See all Ngau Pang Jiyou panic back down even fool Su Hui Feng Jiyou flash Ao feed wren See all screw-shaped cutter and health? BR> metaphor of escape in the process, due to 'semantic weakening', the verb backbone part of the semantics will happen 'lost', leading to the semantic features of verbs with the prefix of its semantic features do not match. In this case, replace the prefix of the verb semantic backbone of the corresponding semantics, became the basis for generating new meaning, in this based on the meaning of verbs with the prefix changes, there escaped. This escape is largely influenced by other languages, in particular, dominated by its title element of lexical semantics. Case is still a verb ВЕРНУТЬ: НАВЕРНУТЬ КАРТОШКИ - eat a lot of potatoes; ВЫВЕРНУТЬ СЛОВО - blurted out (should not say or all wanted to say); it is clear that in the escape, the escape is in the prefix occurred on a semantic feature, rather than on the basis of the semantic features of verbs occur [Du Gui, 1996]. Again, the verb КРУТИТЬ prefix НА-: НАКРУТИТЬ (ЧТО, ЧЕГО) - clever, cunning to come up, come up with (some strange tricks, some new tricks); Rao Zhaowan child to speak or write (puzzling words). In a similar escape phenomenon, the semantics of the prefix has played an important role. 4. Semantics of the verb prefix function the function of semantics is concerned about the prefix of Modern Russian Morphology of a new study in perspective. When from a functional perspective, that is, from the standpoint of communication, the language as a communication tool to study, word formation as a mechanism to show the changing dynamic process. Placed in the word formation process of the generation and interpretation of discourse, placed in the living environment to study the language, that is, on the specific process of discourse structure, word formation, from a functional point of view of language itself, characteristics of the dynamic behavior of living . Specifically, morphology of the primary task is to understand the relationship between morphology and discourse, that is the function of semantic word formation: Morphology's role in the construction of discourse, what kind of specific discourse conditions can promote the generation of derivative, What factors can stimulate language users in the communication process to create a new vocabulary. Е. А. ЗЕМСКАЯ in the Morphology in the chapters of the role and functions; the other is revealed in the study of word formation mechanism of discourse. In other words, morphological and discourse on the relationship of at least two aspects: in terms of the Morphology of the chapter (СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ТЕКСТА) and word formation in terms of chapter learning (ТЕКСТ ДЛЯ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ). From these two basic point of view, morphological classification and description of the behavior of the discourse, to analyze words in the sentence elements in the capacity and type of word formation, word formation of a variety of means in the language environment and functions of the use of , with a view to further study mechanisms of Morphology, fully reveals its function in communication and other issues. The relationship between morphology and discourse studies have shown that the prefix of the words verb plays a very important role, first and foremost is the chance words, new words, the semantics of verb stem vacancies and repeated the same prefix verbs and so on. In these cases, the understanding of discourse often requires first understanding the meaning of the prefix, rather than the meaning of the word units. In many cases, the prefix is in fact limited to the content of discourse, in other words, the prefix meaning of words into semantic center, for example, ЕХАТЬ-ПОЕХАТЬ-ПРИЕХАТЬ: ОН ПОЕХАЛ (1); ОН ПРИЕХАЛ (2); in the listen ( 1) and (2), the speaker is not the behavior of the focus of attention the way (how to the. Therefore, the study of such prefix in the discourse of 'creative' potential, is to study the function of the semantics of word formation is one important issue. In addition, the prefix is not only the objective reality that the true value of the semantics of specific words in the process, the prefix can be expressed using the language of subjective modal semantics, compare the following two sentences: 1) - ЭТО ХОРОШАЯ КНИГА, СТОИТ ЧИТАТЬ. - ЛАДНО, ПОЧИТАЮ. - This book is well worth reading. - Well, I read; 2) - ЭТО ХОРОШАЯ КНИГА, СТОИТ ЧИТАТЬ. - ЛАДНО, Я ПРОЧИТАЮ. - This book is well worth reading . - Right, I'll read it again. Identical in the two sentences in context, given the different prefixes modal verb different colors to indicate the speaker's level of interest in this book is different. Is worth noting that the prefix not only for the semantics of the verb to its portfolio have a significant impact, and control and combinations of verbs an important impact on behavior. Some verbs are prefixed with the prefix verb form, its dominance relationship has changed, with the terms of the semantics required to do certain limits. For example, СИДЕТЬ prefix ПО-, constitute ПОСИДЕТЬ, often with the time adverb НЕМНОГО with, constitute a phrase ПОСИДЕТЬ НЕМНОГО; when the prefix ПРО-, constitute ПРОСИДЕТЬ, then often associated with a relatively long amount of time that phrase with, such as: ПРОСИДЕТЬ ЦЕЛЫЙ ДЕНЬ (ЦЕЛЫЙ ЧАС) and so on. Semantics of the function prefix from a side show, word itself is a functional system, it is capable of internal features of the language and the language of the interaction of external factors, independent of the formation of the communication process. 5. Prefix verbs with the lexical semantics research group of depth development of the vocabulary - semantic group, vocabulary - semantic field such as the introduction and application of concepts and methods to the study of word formation, in recent Russian Studies in recent years a major achievement. Commonly used with the Morphology Formation family, word formation and morphological polymer chain, the concept of different words in the word formation - meaning groups are related to the sense of the word (different from the same root or root) in a semantic group, their morphological types of links, features and its semantic meaning. Prefix meaning of word formation the same body of research is the study of lexical semantics possible via one of the group. About the same body of theory, in general there are two views: (1) the traditional view that the same body is the common meaning of the prefix, the prefix is all the additional significance of the cross-cutting; (2), another point of view, prefix meaning the same body is essential characteristic of a certain depth. Prefix meaning exist on the same idea of the body, which is present in all the prefixes have a common part of the vision, both the obvious and reasonable elements, there are obvious shortcomings: on the one hand, meaning the same body can be particularly simple and particularly harsh way to prefix verbs with the semantic meaning part of the joint variants under the same tag, and trying to find links between them; the other hand, the same meaning as the prefix is always quite a body abstract, it is difficult to put it with the numerous and many specific connotations correspond to discover and establish contact. It can be said to explore the significance of the change until the establishment of the body from a variety of variations to the significance of changes in the mechanism model is the prefix meaning of the central task of the same body of theory is also its ultimate goal. КРОНГАУЗ [1995] proposed the establishment of an alternative concept of the semantic structure: the semantics of the same body of ideas and concepts into the concept of the semantic web or semantic system. His theoretical basis of this concept is described and demonstrated, and tried to show the simplest form of the prefix meaning of the various additional linkages. He believes that, despite all the additional meaning of the prefix has links to each other, but the contact does not necessarily have meaning by the same body, radiating to contact, and it may appear to be a chain-type contact. Obviously, the local contact to find out semantic comprehensive than the total contact to find out much simpler, but also much more realistic. However, in practical research, different understanding of Semantic Web researchers are also different. This is mainly related to two basic concepts: prefix typical (ПРОТОТИПИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ) and prefix the multilevel nature of the semantic network (МНОГОУРОВНЕВОСТЬ СИСТЕМЫ). So-called typical, or call the main meaning of the prefix, usually refers to the prefix of the most concrete sense of space. Using different methods, you can get from the typical meaning of the prefix of the other. Introduce the idea of the typical meaning of the prefix of semantic networks, semantic networks can show that these features: a significant distinction, as typical, and, all other relations between the significance and has directivity. Compared with the same concept of the body, although this view of semantic networks more broad and moderate, but still has a strong hypothetical. Actually, not all the prefix can be easily divided into typical, for example, the prefix ПО-, У-meaning is difficult to distinguish in the typical, but the prefix has at least two С-the typical significance. One of the ways to solve these problems is to build the prefix multi-level semantic description model. This model should reflect the meaning of the verb with a prefix of the complexity of analysis and synthesis, as well as the interaction between its various meaning and relationships. Multi-level model, can be carried out along the two directions of the semantic description: from the deep to the surface, or from surface to depth, thus avoiding the network point and assumptions and so inadequate. In view of the language and semantics, complex materials, the diversity of the research on the Semantic Web has not reached the required depth, the entire mechanism of the network - from the abstract to the concrete or otherwise - have not made a complete description of a systematic way. Although there are many issues need further exploration and study, but the prefix meaning of the concept of multi-level semantic network proposed solution to the problem, after all, toward a big step forward, the group prefix lexical semantics of verbs is important to study. Typical parts of speech in the study, it is already found in the verb category, in addition to the typical process of meaning, there is room for the state of the object that a group of words. In accordance with the semantic features of this group of words can be divided into three groups: 1) that the state of objects in space characteristics of the four verbs: СТОЯТЬ, СИДЕТЬ, ЛЕЖАТЬ, ВИСЕТЬ; 2) that the state of the main changes in the space of four pairs of verbs : СТАТЬ СТАНОВИТЬСЯ, СЕСТЬ САДИТЬСЯ, ЛЕЧЬ ЛОЖИТЬСЯ, ВИСНУТЬ ПОВИСНУТЬ; 3) that the state of the object changes in space four pairs of verbs: СТАВИТЬ ПОСТАВИТЬ, САЖАТЬ ПОСАДИТЬ, КЛАСТЬ ПОЛОЖИТЬ, ВЕШАТЬ ПОВЕСИТЬ. Ability of each derived verbs, word type, word relationships, and the basis of the derived words and words in semantic and structural links are on the morphological behavior of verbs have different effects and impact. Semantic field theory with the semantics of components by these terms, the able to confirm these verbs can form an independent subsystem. In this system, the 'space exists' (or generalized say, 'space state') semantic features with the 'change status', 'causative status' and 'independent existence', not only between semantic features such as vocabulary, but also in structure - there are some morphological aspects of mutual relations. This approach would promote the vocabulary - semantic field theory of semantic groups and fields of application in the Morphology, Morphology greatly broadened view of research: not only the structure of the derived vocabulary in the form of contact with the base word, and study between them in semantic and interaction, the research base words and derived words in the semantic field of the status and role; the other hand, from the perspective of Morphology, revealing the semantic group, semantic word groups, and the semantic field interrelated in the sense of the internal causes and mechanisms. 6. Verb prefix morphological semantics description of research methods method is based on the traditional statistical significance between unrelated to the performance of the prefix in the form of semantics, and lexicography in the traditional concept, which has nothing to each other prefix should be regarded as homonyms phenomenon [ИСАЧЕНКО, 1960]. However, the linguist's intuition, even the language the holder of intuition tells us: prefix is part of a unified meaning. Meaning only to find out the links between the different prefixes to the significance of these features in a unified under the symbols together. Prefix in the modern Russian Verbs semantics of Morphology, relative to the role of the four types of meaning, semantics of the prefix can be divided into four levels: (1) in a range of prefixes; (2) Morphology of the prefix in the context of research; (3) the basic semantics of the prefix and the interaction of the verb; (4) the prefix and the wider context of the interaction of semantics. The first two types of aggregation are the interaction between the latter two types is a combination of the interaction. In the study and description of aggregation, the important thing is to realize the full prefix and complete semantic description. Because, even if it is only a prefix to establish a complete semantic network linked to each other, but also a hypothesis for each of the most practical test. This complete semantic network should include: a single specific meaning, semantic change (from one to another significant change in meaning of the rules), meaning the realization of discourse rules (based on the verb stem and the Semantic Context - Pragmatic type of arrangement), and a higher level of significance (the same body of local significance and meaning of the general body of the same). And then create a prefix for all nineteen of this holistic semantic network. Only in this description may be established on the basis of only the internal prefix Morphology classification, and standardization of meta-language. Prefix combinations in the semantic relations between the current study is relatively small. However, the semantics of the prefix and the verb stem interaction researchers are increasingly becoming the center of attention. Many scholars have pointed out in the study of combinations between the necessity and possibility. 1993 КРОНГАУЗ proposed a hypothesis: the prefix of the verb can be used with the semantically provable. In his view, the choice of the specific prefix and the verb with the prefix meaning of the verb stem from the combination of semantic decision, more precisely, depending on whether there is a verb stem semantic components. This hypothesis of two directions: first, describe the verb with the prefix with the law and 'calculated' the corresponding meaning of the verb with the prefix rules. In this case, it can be said to establish the semantic grammar problems; second direction opposite: up from the semantic interpretation of the phenomenon of the appropriate language, that language has some specific meaning with a verb with a prefix of this phenomenon. Since from the outset that the mix of verbs with the prefix can be proved from the semantics, then this can be used with sex can and should be no prefix verbs semantic analysis of the important features of the language difference. This, according to the prefix to identify the relevant concepts of the meaning of the verb without the prefix.