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PostWysłany: Pon 5:59, 28 Lut 2011    Temat postu:

  UV镜和天光镜
  人物摄影画面上,侧身、侧面或正面侧身的姿势,左右不等,或者一边是人物主体,另一边是景物陪衬,画面表现为不等式结构。例如,自由排列的合影人像,左右人物距离照相机远近不同,影像大小差异,高低起伏,画面也就表现为不等式结构形式。这类形式,易于显示变化、动感与生活气息,比较活泼。人物摄影造型,通常较多采用不等式画面结构形式。
  ・侧身 身躯与拍摄镜头形成一定的侧角度,易于表现体形线条,对女性尤其能显示曲线美。对较胖的体形,拍摄半身侧身人像时,可将背部靠近画面边缘,就能得到隐掩体胖的效果。
  其次,彩色人物摄影中,当照明光源的色温和彩色胶卷所平衡的色温不相符时,为获得正确的色彩还原,应在镜头前加用色温转换滤光镜。彩色胶卷一般分为日光型和灯光型两种,而市场上所售彩色负片多数是日光型。日光型彩色胶卷应在色温为5,400-5,600K的日光或电子闪光灯照明下拍摄,如果在钨丝灯照明下拍摄,就要加用色温转换滤光镜系列中用于提高色温的雷登80A蓝色滤光镜,并需增加曝光量两级左右。同样,灯光型彩色胶卷应在色温为3,200K的钨丝灯照明下拍摄,如果在日光或电子闪光灯照明下拍摄,就要加用色温转换滤光镜系列中用于降低色温的雷登85B橙色滤光镜,并需增加曝光量三分之二级左右。
  2、附件
照相机的各种镜头,虽都能用于人物摄影,但严格说来,人物摄影的镜头应有以下一些选择性:
  均衡,是力学上的一个概念,应用于人物摄影构图,就是指画面中的被摄对象处于相对平衡状态,从而使人物照片能在视觉上产生稳定感、舒适感。为了掌握人物摄影画面均衡,一般要注意安排以下几个方面:
  不同光线的运用,可造成不同的背景效果。例如,利用阴影作背景,能突出明亮的人物;运用逆光,既可将杂乱的背景隐藏在阴影里,又能勾划出人物轮廓,使人物与背景分开;利用天空,则可将人物摄成惹人注目的剪影等。
  4、明暗深淡方面军
  6、利用色彩
  近摄镜又称为半身镜,是一种凸形的正透镜,加戴后,可以缩短镜头焦距,也从而缩短最近摄影距离,使人物影像扩大,充分利用感光片的面积。拍摄时,一般不需要增加曝光量,但要使用小光圈,以便增加暗深,防止底片四角虚松。在摄影实践中,近摄镜不宜拍摄人物特写镜头,因为摄影距离较近,容易产生变形缺陷。除上述常用附加镜外,还有多影镜、星光镜、中灰镜等多种特殊效果附加镜,经加用后,前两者可分别获得多影像和不同放射形光芒的效果,后者则能起到减少光线通光量的作用,这里不再一一详述。
  1、划分主体的原则
  人物摄影的画面,因被摄对象姿势和面孔朝向的不同,而引起肢体轮廓和头脸五官等线条透视的变化,形成多种画面结构形式。归纳起来,可分为以下两种基本形式:
  各种带色滤光镜
  柔光镜
  人物摄影画面上,正身正面的半身人物,由于两耳、两眼、两肩都是左右对等,必然表现为对等式画面结构。例如,传统式的合影人像,排列整齐规则,左右对等,画面也表现为对等式结构。这类形式,具有庄重、肃穆的特点,但比较呆板。
  ・弓背 侧身而坐,胸不挺直,具有悠闲自在的特点。适宜表现休息、交谈、阅读、写字等情节,可用于各种年龄的半身人物造型。
  人物摄影的拍摄距离,是指照相机与被摄对象的远近,关系到影像的透明效果。通常,拍摄距离不宜过近。否则,容易产生不良的透视变形。例如,近距离拍摄正面头像,往往会显示鼻子大、耳朵小的怪诞成像效果。一般地说,拍摄头像或半身人像,距离可掌握在2一3米左右,不宜近于1.5米。而全身人像的拍摄距离,可掌握在4一8米之间。团体照的拍摄距离,则可根据人物的多少和队形排列的长短,灵活掌握。
  有景物作陪衬的人物摄影题材,在视觉上,人物为重,景物较轻。为此,可将人物所占空间的面积安排得小些,而对景物占有的空间则安排得大些,以取得画面均衡。例如,拍摄人物写字的半身场景,其中较大面积的人物,可安排偏于一边,与此相应,在桌子的另一边,可放置墨水瓶或砚台等物件,使画面得以保持均衡。
五、旅游拍摄人物,要携带哪些摄影器材和附件? 
七、彩色人物摄影常用哪些附加镜?
  角度高低,是指照相机的俯仰。高角度俯摄,由于镜头成像近大远小的透视原理,对正面半身人像,能起突出头顶、扩大额部、缩小下巴、隐掩头颈长度等作用,使人物产生脸形清瘦的成像效果;拍摄全身人像,会使人物成像有矮小前倾的感觉,而身后地面显著,地平线上升;如果拍摄多人像,两边人物以及背景和陪衬物体的垂直线条会出现向外倾斜的变形现象。
  选择与人物有呼应的景物作背景,表现环境特征,突出人物。例如,以炉台为背景拍摄炼钢工人的操作;用实验仪器作背景表现科技人员的科研活动等。
  不论携带什么照相机,镜头遮光罩和二号黄滤光镜都宜置备。如果条件允许,最好带上彩色和黑白摄影常用的各种主要滤光镜(包括UV镜、天光镜、偏振镜等)以及黑白摄影用的黄、红、绿等滤光镜。还可携带一只小型电子闪光灯或自制的反光板,以供辅助照明。为了随时保持照相机和镜头的清洁,要带上镜头纸和镜头刷,如果能带一个吹气球则更理想。旅游拍摄人物时,由于手持拍摄可较自由选择角度,所以,三角架使用次数不多,不必携带;但如能带上,以备不时之需,当然更好。此外,宜备置一本袖珍笔记簿,扼要记录拍摄情况,包括日期、天气、时间、场合、人物以及所用光圈、快门速度等,以便积累有关数据,随时参考,从而不断提高摄影水平。
  采取仰摄、俯摄或改变拍摄点,能简化和避开杂乱而不必要的背景,有利于突出人物。
  2、改变成像结影常用附加镜 
  人物摄影不等式画面结构形式(参见本书《人物摄影有哪些画面结构形式?》条)中,被摄对象俯、仰或倾斜等姿势,往往导致失重不稳的感觉。为此,可通过主体自身的肩头可自身的手以及与主题有关的书、花、茶杯、扇子等陪衬物体作“衬垫”,就能使失重的主体起到稳重作用。
  天空滤光镜
  7、利用画幅
  人物摄影构图中,对于明暗深淡,视觉上的轻重也有所不同,一般以深色为重,淡色较轻。通常,可用小面积的深色块面与大面积的灰色或淡色块面进行平衡。如遇某一部位太深或太浅,轻重不够协调,可在太深的部位选择淡色的景物作“衬垫”;也可在太淡的部位选择深色的景物作“衬垫”。但要严格注意,深底淡景与淡底深景,都要有一定的对比度,才能起到增减重量、平衡画面的作用。
  旅游拍摄人物所要携带的摄影器材,一般以轻便为宜。通常,拍摄游览纪念照,持有一架普通小型135照相机或“傻瓜”照相机,就可以应用。假如准备进一步从事人物摄影创作,例如拍摄当地的一些风土人情等,最好携带一架可互换镜头的135单镜头反光照相机,并配上28―80毫米变焦距镜头一个,既便于适应摄影需要,又可缩小装备体积;或者,也可在使用该照相机原有标准镜头的同时,再配置24―28毫米广角镜头和85―105毫米中焦镜头各一个,以便选用。如果需要同时进行彩色和黑白人物摄影,最好能有两架机身,分别装上彩色和黑白胶卷,交替使用(倘若携带的是可调后背的120单镜头反光照相机,则只需一架,便可应用)。 
  人物摄影中,姿势和面向角度同是人物造型的重点。姿势是指被摄对象的身躯、手足所表现的某种形态。面向角度是指被摄对象面孔的朝向,简称面向。两者因人、因事、因时而异,没有固定格式,但一般以美观自然为原则,适当进行选择和组织。
  1、改变色光性质常用附加镜 
  自从1839年摄影术诞生迄今为止,人物一直就是摄影艺术中常拍常新的主 要课题,而归纳人物摄影成功的关键,在于“形神兼备”。在现实生活中,每个人的外貌和性格特征各不相同,精神面貌和更是知识界千变万化。一幅人物照片,如果抓住了被摄对象的神态和情感,但外貌没有表现好,就经不起细看, 缺乏应有的艺术表现力;反之,如果外貌酷似,而神态和情感未经刻划,则人物表现势必呆板,没有韵味。因此,人物摄影不能限于拍像,而是应当根据主题,对人物的外貌扬长避短,突出美感,以便通过外貌,能更好地传达和刻划人物的精神面貌,从而使照片中的人物看起来比真实的被摄对象更美、更生动、更有精神。只有首先作到“形似”,才能传神。 
  彩色人物摄影,为了正确再现人物原有色彩,在正确色温光线照明下,一般只使用无色、中性灰或很浅色的附加镜,不宜在镜头前加戴黑白人物摄影使用的带色滤光镜。由于UV镜、天光镜、柔光镜、晕化镜、近摄镜以及其他各种特殊效果附加镜都是无色、浅色或接近无色的,因此,既被黑白人物摄影所使用,也适用于彩色人物摄影。
  调整人物与背景的距离,借以突出人物。例如,人物离身后的树木越远,就越显著。
三、人物摄影应选购哪种相机?

  1、人物头脸方面
  5、利用光线
  2、利用长焦距镜头
1、成像
十一、人物摄影如何划分主体和突出主体?
  拍摄半身人物和头像特写,镜头的有效口径以大为宜,以便使主体清晰,背景略呈模糊,增强远近空间透视感,从而突出主体。另外,镜头的有效口径大,在光线略暗而又没有闪光灯的情况下,拍摄动态人物,仍可使用较快的快门速度。 
  ・挺胸 身躯挺直,易于显示被摄对像精神振奋的气质。
  黑白人物摄影中,照相机镜头前常用的附加镜,包括改变色光性质和改变成像结影两个系列。前者例如各种带色滤光镜、天空滤光镜、UV镜和天光镜等,后者例如柔光镜、晕化镜和近摄镜等,分述如下:
  ・通过光线、影调、色彩的对比作用,突出主体。例如,对明亮的主体采用阴暗或深灰色背景,对阴暗的主体采用明亮或淡灰色背景;运用逆光勾划出主体的轮廓;彩色摄影,则可利用不同色相和明度的对比,突出主体。
  1、拍摄角度对摄影效果的影响
  一般照相机虽都能用于人物摄影,但因型号和结构有所不同,性能和特点各有差异。人物摄影究竟怎样选购照相机为好,通常可从摄影用途、个人爱好和经济条件三方面来考虑。  
  UV镜多数是无色的,也有略带微黄色的;天光镜则接近无色或略带微红色。它们的作用主要都是吸收大气中的紫外线。紫外线对高山地区摄影的影响比较严重,常有碍于影像的清晰度。加用UV镜或天光镜后,就可以消除紫外线对感光片的影响,提高影像清晰度,特别是对远处景物的作用更为明显。由于UV镜和天光镜为无色或接近无色,不需要增加曝光量,对任何情况下摄影又没有副作用,因此,常被加戴在镜头上,用来保护镜头。
  2、抓拍?即整个摄影师过程中,根本不让被摄对象知道有人在为自己拍照,就由摄影者地直接摄取人物活动中的典型而生动瞬间。因此,也可以叫做主体不知的拍摄方式。采用这种方式拍摄,也许构图、用光不尽人意,而被摄影对象却处于无拘无束的活动状态,神情举止都较自然。但被摄者需要较丰富的生活经验和敏锐的眼力,在转瞬即逝的各种人物活动中,善于抓取被摄对象最典型、最完美、最耐看的时刻,及时按下快门。 

  ・处理多数人物之间的关系,要认定其中的主要人物为主体,或以多数人物同为主体。

  ・正身 身躯正对拍摄镜头,易于表现体形的宽度,显示直线条,有庄重或呆板的感觉。
  5、色彩方面军
一般照相机上都装有标准镜头,即战焦距近似所摄底片画幅对角线的长度。这种镜头,只宜拍摄全身或大半身人物照片。若用于拍摄半身人物或头像特写由于距离太近,往往引起人物影像透视变形,而且有的镜头如果在近于规定的最近摄影距离拍摄,就不能聚成清晰的焦点。所以,拍摄头像或特写人物,就要使用中焦或长焦镜头,其焦距一般需要越过标准镜头1―2倍,以135照相机为例,镜头的焦距需在105豪米以上,这样,照相机与人物距离,可保持1.5米以上,既能使焦点清晰,又可避免产生鼻大耳小等变形现象。在室内拍摄小合影照片,如果遇到缺少退步的情况,就需要使用短焦距镜头(即广角镜头),但容易出现近大远小和两边人物稍有变形的缺陷。
  9、排除景物干扰
  人物摄影的头脸,在视觉上,脸部为重,后脑较轻。因此,拍摄侧面像时,影像需偏后一些,甚至后脑的后面可不留空间,使脸部前方空间大于后脑。这样,既可给脸部的视线以伸展余地,又能保持画面的轻重平衡。但也有些表现“冲力”情节的题材,人物脸部前方空间小于后脑,以致画面有失重之感,这是根据主题需要而作的特殊位置安排。
  低角度仰摄,对正面半身人像,会出现额部缩小、下巴扩大、鼻孔突出、头颈过长、脸形饱满的成像效果;而身后地平线则下降或隐掩;拍摄团体照,两边人物以及背景和陪衬物体的垂直线条会出现向内倾倒的变形现象。
  ・即使只有一个人物,也要认定其主、次结构,例如,拍摄全身人像,一般以头部为主体;拍摄半身人像或人物特写,一般以脸部为主体;拍摄人物脸部大特写,则一般以眼睛为主体等。
“玩”美手册 超详尽人像摄影流程全攻略
  4、利用距离
  使用长焦距镜头拍摄,可使画面中包括的背景范围缩小,而人物所占面积的比例扩大。
十、拍摄角度和距离不同对人物摄影效果有何影响?
  不同的色彩,视觉分量也不同。通常,暖色、艳色为重,冷色、晦色较轻。其平衡的规律,也要以小块面的暖色或艳色对应大块面的冷色或晦色。例如,人物脸部小块面的暖色周围,可安排块面较大的冷色;当拍摄暖调人物照片时,应尽可能使脸部肤色鲜艳,而将周围的暖色处理得晦暗些,既便于突出主体,又可使画面得到色彩均衡。
  2、面向角度 
  人物摄影中,拍摄角度和拍摄距离不同,直接影响摄影效果,分述如下:
  2、不等式画面结构形式
十四、人物摄影有哪些画面结构形式?
  2、拍摄距离对摄影效果的影响
  近摄镜
1、摄影器材
  2、个人爱好
四、人物摄影应选择哪种镜头?
十二、人物摄影怎样处理背景?
  2、突出主体的方法 
  ・根据脸部部位特征选择角度
  人物摄影的镜头成像质量,既要结像清晰,又要有一定的柔和效果。因为人物摄影一般以表现脸部为主,镜头成像质量就应能达到层次丰富、质感真实、细节毕露、肤质滋润的要求。
  3、主体与陪衬方面
八、人物摄影怎样布局?
九、人物摄影怎样掌握画面均衡?
  处理有物体的背景时,要注意背景中有无某些物体与人物连成一线而影响人物的表现。例如,取景框内出现地平线恰巧处于人物颈部,或者人物头顶矗起树干、电线杆等现象,都需加以避免。
  柔光镜的作用,是对通过镜头的光线进行部分折射,使所摄影像既可保持一定的清晰度,而影调反差又能更为柔和自然。柔光镜的构造形式多样,一般是在透明玻璃上制有疏密不同的圆形波纹,或者是采用尼龙丝或其它纤维所织成的网片,从而达到使入射光分割折射的目的。加戴柔光镜后,拍摄妇女与儿童特写照片,能使影像获得柔润悦目的效果。
  2、主体方面
  脸部部位,主要指额、鼻、面颊、腮骨等。对额部平坦、鼻梁挺直、面颊坦而微呈弧形、腮骨隐而不凸的人物,面向角度的选择性较大,任何朝向都可拍摄;而对额部冲凸、鼻梁凹塌、颧骨和腮骨高凸的人物,一般以选择正角度为宜,如果采用侧角度,就容易暴露上述不美部位的缺点。
  此外,还须注意,人物和其他景物的安排,要主次分明、疏密有致,不可堆积充塞。有时,除了对主体人物的位置作适当安排外,往往还要通过另一此人物和景物,起到培衬或均衡的作用。关于动态人物照片,例如幼儿学步、自行车比赛等,则要在动态人物的前方,多留些空白部位,以便可有向前伸展的余地,从而符合平时观察事物的习惯。
一、什么是人物摄影?成功的关键是什么?
六、黑白人物摄影常用哪些附加镜?
人物摄影是以静态或动态人物为被摄对象,着重描绘其外貌和精神面貌, 从而直接表现人的一种摄影。凡是内容涉及人物而以人物为主体的各种题材,都属于人物摄影的范畴。诸如:人像、家庭生活、亲朋欢聚、情侣相悦、婚寿礼仪、童年纪实、校园动态、老人晚景、旅游揽胜、时装穿戴、舞台演出、体育活动、工作现场、佳节盛会、风土人情、社会新闻、人体艺术等,广泛多样,到处可选。总后说,摄影艺术领域里,与此相应的具体门类,除人像摄影外,更有家庭、儿童、旅游、婚礼,以及体育、舞台、社会纪实乃至人体等多种摄影,各具特色,相互关联,又常兼归于人物摄影系列之内,统称为人物摄影。
  这是一半淡黄或浅灰、一半透明无色的附加镜。由于它的有色部分边缘由深至浅,逐渐过度到无色透明,因此,又称为渐变滤光镜。其作用是调节天空与地面的反差。具体地说,有色部分能吸收天空的紫蓝光或减弱天空光亮的强度,限制天空部分在胶片上的曝光量,使地面部分在胶片上曝光量多些。使用时,有色部分应朝上,不需要增加曝光量。在逆光下拍摄人物时,加用天空滤光镜,效果更为理想。
  必须认识到,照相机档次高低与人物照片质量并无必然的联系。使用高档照相机,并不能保证每幅照片质量都好;使用普通照相机,也能拍摄出高质量的人物照片。重要的问题在于必须熟悉照相机的结构性能,并能熟练掌握操作技术。 
  ・处理人物和景物之间的关系,要以人物为主体。
  1、摆拍?即整个摄影过程中,始终让被摄对象完全知道有人在为自己拍照,从而使摄影者可有较充分时间,在做好拍摄准备并对被摄对象加以摆布后,完成拍摄。因此,这种拍摄方式也称为摆布,或者可以叫做主体全知的拍摄方式,为肖像照、团体照、纪念照、广告照等所采用。但在摆布的情况下,摄影者应多方设法,使被摄者思想放松,以便配合拍摄。 
  人物摄影的拍摄角度,是指对被摄对象的拍摄方向,通常可分为正、侧、高、低四个基本角度。从正角度拍摄正面人像,着重表现人物脸形阔度轮廓;而拍摄正身人像,由于镜头正对身躯,便着重表现人物体形的阔度轮廓。从侧角度拍摄人物,易于表现脸形、体形的起伏线条。人物摄影角度的正与侧,还可对脸形起扬美避疵的作用。例如,挺直的鼻梁、微突的下巴,选用侧角度拍摄,可以表现优美起伏的脸形线条;对有些较长和扁圆的脸形,选用一定的侧角度,则可隐掩长和扁圆的脸形特征。对头额冲凸或鼻梁不挺,以及下巴后缩或颧骨高尖等脸形,选用正角度拍摄,就可掩饰这些特征,使人物形象美化。 
  ・运用线条的作用,突出主体。通常 ,画面线条的交叉点或汇合点,可形成视觉中心,在这个位置安置主体,易于吸引观众的注意力。
  ・要将主体安排在画面中的显著位置,一般还可给以占据较大画幅,以便使观众一目了然。
  如果背景杂乱,可开大光圈,缩小景深,使背景模糊,人物突出。
  8、利用环境
  1、姿势人物有胖瘦、宽窄、高矮等不同体形,选择或组织一定的姿势。
十三、人物摄影怎样选择姿势和面向角度?
  1、对等式画面结构形式
  市场上,照相机型号较多,功能各异,结构不同,虽基本性能大体相似,但彼此价格却相差悬殊。征购照相机时,须考虑它的价格适应本人的经济条件。一般情况下,选购一架中档偏上的照相机,便可适用于各种人物摄影。
  1、利用光圈
  人物摄影中,人物与背景之间的关系必须做到主次分明,使背景为人物服务,发挥应有的衬托作用。处理背景,通常有以下几种方法:
  人物摄影的被摄对象,可以是一个人物,或多数人物;也可以是一个人物与其他景物的组合,或多数人物与其他景物的组合。人物摄影必须善于划分主体,才能加以突出,从而使作品主题得到确切的表达。
  ・运用光圈的作用,控制景深,使主体清晰,陪体或背景模糊,以虚衬实,突出主体。
人物摄影的面向角度有多种:正面朝向称为十分面,被摄对象在画面上两对称;九分面,脸部朝向与拍摄镜头构成18度侧角;八分面为36度侧角;七分面为54度侧角;六分面为72度侧角;五分面为90度侧角,这时,被摄对象在画

  1、摄影用途
二、人物摄影有哪几种拍摄方式? 
  每个摄影者爱好不同,有的喜欢135照相机,有的喜欢120照相机;这两种照相机各有所长,各有特点,很难说哪种好,哪种孬。一般说来,135照相机小巧玲珑,便于携带,使用比较方便,每张底片的费用比较便宜。120照相机,有的可调换暗盒,可拍多种规格幅面,同时,由于底片幅面较大,照片的颗粒相对细腻柔和,容易使人物脸部表现出层次丰富、质感真实的效果。 
晕化镜的外形结构,是玻璃镜片中间开一个圆孔,四周呈砂粒状。因为中间镂空,加戴在镜头前,不会影响主体影像聚焦。拍摄人物时,将脸部安排在圆孔的位置处,可以得到正常的清晰度,而脸部以外四周的影像,由于镜片上砂粒状的影响,则呈现朦胧晕化的效果。加戴晕化镜拍摄人物,以使用单镜头反光照相机为宜,因为摄影者可以通过照相机的取景器,直接观察到影像晕化情况。
  3、利用拍摄角度
  为使人物摄影符合“形神兼备”的要求,摄影者除正确掌握照相机使用技术外,还要在观摩优秀摄影作品和学习有关摄影知识的基础上,经常对生活中的各种人物细致观察,认真思考,养成敏捷的思维和判断能
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PostWysłany: Wto 3:37, 15 Lut 2011    Temat postu: Chongqing to introduce preferential policies for s

The first chapter finds the purpose and scope
The first under the Chongqing Municipal People's Government "to speed up the city of software and information services outsourcing industry development Interim Provisions" (Yu House [2007] 70), to speed up the city of software and information services outsourcing industry regulations.
Second approach refers to software and information service outsourcing enterprises (hereinafter referred to as: outsourcing business), is the administrative area in Chongqing City, established by law in the software and information services outsourcing organization with legal personality.
Article is divided into software and information services outsourcing software outsourcing, IT application services outsourcing, business process outsourcing, IT infrastructure outsourcing and R & D outsourcing.
Software outsourcing company is outside the city for the independent development of software products in the export of services, service providers.
IT outsourcing refers to the application of information technology companies to professional services companies to do the work. Including application software development and maintenance, systems integration and consulting.
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the business processes or functions will be outsourced to a number of suppliers by the suppliers of these restructuring processes, such as human resources, finance, procurement and customer support centers, recombination and software and information needs service-related.
IT Infrastructure Outsourcing refers to the basic operations involved in IT hardware, software, related facilities and personnel offshore and outsourcing, including data centers, networks, servers and mainframe operations and management, and desktop and user support, etc. pay professional services company to do.
R & D outsourcing and product development is related to the design and R & D outsourcing activities, including product concept design,Telecommunication provider, computer-aided design, embedded software design and development, product development, testing and localization services and other activities to specialized companies to do.
Chapter recognized the organization
Article Chongqing Information Industry Bureau outsourcing recognized authorities (hereinafter referred to as departments), the city is responsible for the identification and management of outsourcing work, their duties are:
(A) organization outsourcing the work to identify bodies found;
(B) the supervision and inspection of the city's outsourcing business identification, inspection work and approved by the determined, the inspection results;
(C) accept the results of the determined, the inspection results and decisions on objections to the complainant identified.
Article commissioned by the relevant competent departments in charge of the park, the park recommended outsourcing the work. Its duties are:
(A) accept the identification of the park application outsourcing;
(B) the outsourcing of the park's evidence, that the concentration recommended by the competent authorities entrusted to the identification of bodies of first instance.
Article commissioned by the competent departments of Chongqing City, Chongqing City Software Industry Association and the Electronics and Computer Software Export Promotion Council for outsourcing enterprise certification authority (hereinafter referred to as: recognized institutions), responsible for outsourcing enterprise certification and annual inspection work. Its duties are:
(A) outsourcing enterprises that apply for acceptance;
(B) accept the recommendation of the relevant zone, has organized experts to work to identify the outsourcing companies, put forward the views identified reported to the competent department for review;
(C) is responsible for outsourcing the annual inspection, and the results to the competent departments for review;
Chapter III identified the conditions
Article VII shall be applied to identify the outsourcing companies to meet the following conditions:
(A) is a legal entity established by law.
(B) of the enterprise property rights, the implementation of independent accounting, business law, tax law, with sound technical, production, marketing and financial management system.
(C) has the software and information services outsourcing the production of suitable premises, hardware and software facilities and personnel, and other basic conditions for its production process in line with the software and information services outsourcing basic processes, management practices, with guaranteed software product development, Sales and information services the means and capacity.
(D) IT application services, business process services, IT infrastructure services revenues (excluding hardware and software purchased) not below 30% of total operating income.
(V) outsourcing of software and information services to its main business while meeting the following conditions:
1, the software product on the contract amount is not less than $ 500,000 or the same amount of yuan;
2, with the software and information services related to design and development services, consulting services, human resources services, business income is not less than 100 million / year.
(F) have a college education in science and technology personnel accounted for the proportion of the total number of enterprise workers should be 60% or more.
Chapter IV certification process
Article VIII outsourcing enterprises that annual reporting, centralized review.
Article IX enterprises identified in the application outsourcing business, the need to submit one copy of the following materials:
(A) of the Chongqing Municipal outsourcing enterprises that application form (see annex I) of the paper document.
(B) of the Chongqing Municipal outsourcing enterprises that form the data electronic documents.
(C) necessary attachments (copy):
1, the enterprise and the enterprise legal person business license of the Code.
2, the enterprise-related research and development and production and operation of the site certificate.
3, a typical outsourcing contract;
4, corporate financial statements.
Business enterprises of more than one year financial statements for the previous year, operating on less than a year apply for newly established enterprises to provide financial statements for the previous month.
5, the registered enterprise software products identified, should provide "Chongqing software product registration certificate"; has been identified by the enterprise software companies are required to provide "Chongqing Software Enterprise Certificate."
6, new businesses are required to provide software and information service outsourcing enterprises accounted for the total proportion of investment into the relevant certificates.
7, auxiliary attachments (copy):
To help identify a more comprehensive understanding of business organizations, the enterprise can provide supplementary annex material circumstances, such as quality system certification, the award certificate.
8, applied to identify materials by funds under Article IX of the way into books in order; the attachment is a copy, and should be stamped with official seal.
Article identification of outsourcing by companies to apply to the certification organizations. Recognized institution trial,Pharmaceutical Outsourcing, the focus on the views to the competent department identified and relevant information. Authorities identify bodies found in the comments received and related materials, issued a document in 15 working days to determine or to report an adverse opinion recognized institutions.
The results found in Article XI agencies and authorities identified the site and related media release, accept social supervision.
Chapter Evaluation and Statistics
Article XII of the competent department of the annual inspection system outsourcing enterprises.
Article XIII outsourcing inspection time the first quarter of each year.
Inspection conditions of Article XIV of outsourcing the implementation of Article VI of the light.
Article XV application outsourcing companies are required to provide annual inspection one copy of the following materials:
(A) "annual inspection of Chongqing outsourcing application form" (see annex II) of the paper document.
(B) of the annual application outsourcing business data electronic documents.
(C) a copy of outsourcing enterprise certificate.
(D) the financial statements of companies a copy of the past year.
Article XVI recognized by the competent department of the business situation of enterprises outsourcing Statistics (statistical report and asked to see Annexes III and IV). The outsourcing companies should cooperate closely and accurately reported, may not refuse to, cheat, hoax.
Determined eligible for the management of Chapter VI
Competent authorities of Article XVII of the outsourcing enterprises inspection system and the necessary supervision. Annual voluntary application by enterprises overdue annual or annual inspection failed to apply the enterprise, its outsourcing business qualification automatically lapse, and stop his enjoyment of preferential policies.
XVIII,Software Localization, as amended, the outsourcing companies should be required to identify the time frame to submit statistical reports to identify bodies, enterprises reported overdue, recognized institutions will inform them. For 3 months did not provide statements or annual reports of companies offer to stop its preferential policies,mobile development outsourcing, and its accreditation qualification be abolished from next year.
Article XIX of the outsourcing enterprise is determined by the adjustment, separation, merger, restructuring and other changing circumstances, they should change the decision made within 30 days for changes to the certification organizations recognized or re-registration procedures. Without the approval of competent authorities identified the change is approved, the abolition of enterprises found eligible, and stop to enjoy the relevant preferential policies.
Diershitiao outsourcing business activities once found in an illegal act, to cancel after verification of the enterprises that qualify, stop to enjoy the relevant preferential policies.
Twenty-one identified in the application outsourcing business enterprises that provide false information and content, to suspend its accreditation application; has been identified,Business process outsourcing company, the revocation of its accreditation qualification outsourcing companies, and to be informed, and recovery of tax relief funds; 3 years recognized institutions no longer accept the accreditation application.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Twenty-two to encourage community in the virtual enterprise, the digital team and other forms of software and information services outsourcing business.
Twenty-three have been determined to outsourcing companies, outsourcing companies enjoy preferential policies.
Twenty-four of the measures by the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Information Industry is responsible for interpretation.
Twenty-five of the measures implemented from the date of issuance.
Attachments: 1. "Outsourcing enterprise in Chongqing found the application form"
2. "Outsourcing enterprise in Chongqing annual application form"
3. "Outsourcing enterprise in Chongqing City, the annual report"
4. "Outsourcing enterprise in Chongqing City, a monthly report"

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